Executive Summary: Assessment and Policy Direction for Energy-Based Management (Waste to Energy), Case Study RDF

Indonesia is facing a serious waste management challenge, with annual waste generation reaching 68–70 million tons and landfills projected to exceed capacity by 2028. Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) has emerged as a strategic solution by transforming non-recyclable waste into alternative fuel for industries, particularly cement and power generation. Beyond reducing landfill dependency, RDF supports greenhouse gas emission reductions, energy transition targets, and the principles of a circular economy. However, current RDF facilities often operate below capacity, and challenges persist in governance, infrastructure readiness, financing models, and market demand.

To unlock RDF’s full potential, the study recommends strengthening national policies, integrating RDF into energy and waste management strategies, and creating fiscal and non-fiscal incentives for industries. It also emphasizes the importance of balancing supply and demand through quality standards, long-term cooperation agreements, and sustainable financing mechanisms. If implemented systematically, RDF could expand to 143 regencies/cities with 77 facilities by 2045, significantly reducing waste volumes while contributing to Indonesia’s zero-waste and net-zero emission goals.

For complete details, please download the Executive Summary provided below (English and Bahasa Indonesia).

Executive Summary: Assessment and Policy Direction for Energy-Based Management (Waste to Energy), Case Study RDF (English)
Executive Summary: Assessment and Policy Direction for Energy-Based Management (Waste to Energy), Case Study RDF (Bahasa Indonesia)